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WHAT IS BREAST CANCER?

A type of cancer that starts in the breast is called Breast cancer. It can start in one breast or both breasts. Cancer starts when the cells begin to grow out of control. It is important to understand, that most breast lumps are benign and not cancer. Non-cancerous breast tumors grow abnormally, but they do not spread outside the breast. But, some types of benign breast lumps can increase a woman's risk of getting breast cancer. Any change in the breasts like noticing a lump needs expert intervention to find out if it is benign or malignant.

WARNING SIGNS OF BREAST CANCER

  • New lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)
  • Breast Thickening & swelling 
  • Irritation or dimpling of breast skin 
  • Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area 
  • Nipple retraction
  • Nipple discharge
  • Swollen lymph nodes under the arm or near the collar bone
  • Breast pain 

CAUSES OF BREAST CANCER

  • Personal history of any breast conditions
  • Inherited genes that increase cancer risk
  • Early menstruation
  • Late menopause
  • Radiation exposure
  • Obesity
  • Increasing age
  • Long-term use of combined hormonal therapy

 

DIAGNOSIS AND LINE OF TREATMENT

Different tests can be used to diagnose breast cancer including:

  • Mammograms – X-rays that help to find breast cancer
  • Breast ultrasound – Captures inside images of breasts showing breast changes like fluid-filled cysts, which cannot be noticed in mammograms.
  • Breast MRI – uses radio waves and strong magnets to make detailed inside pictures of the breast
  • Breast Imaging Tests – CT scans, Bone scans, and PET scans are used to find out if cancer has spread
  • Biopsy – It is done when mammograms, other imaging tests, or physical examination shows a breast change that may be cancer. A breast biopsy is the only way to confirm breast cancer.

 

SURGICAL OPTIONS 

Surgery to remove the area of cancer in the breast

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Surgeon creates a new breast shape after Mastectomy

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The lymph system is often the first place cancer spreads, and cancer in the lymph nodes is the warning sign that it may be spreading beyond the breast.

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PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID BREAST CANCER

  • Keep weight in check
  • Be physically active
  • Eat fruits & vegetables and limit Alcohol
  • Avoid smoking
  • Breastfeeding
  • Avoid birth control pills & smoking after age 35
  • Regular mammography after age of 40
  • Avoid menopausal hormone therapy
  • Find out the family history of breast cancer 

 

MASTECTOMY

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Feel more confident & cancer won’t come back

Permanent removal of breast

Won’t need radiotherapy after surgery

Breast reconstruction surgery takes longer time to recover

You can have radiotherapy in the area if cancer comes back in future

Need to undergo 1 or 2 smaller operations after a reconstruction

 

If you don’t have reconstruction, you might need to wear external breast shape

 

BREAST CONSERVING SURGERY

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Aims to keep most of the breast tissue

Breast might be miss-shapen or dimpled or unequal

Less change to the body than a mastectomy

Need radiotherapy to the breast for about 3 weeks

Recovery time of a few weeks

Radiotherapy can make you tired

 

If cancer recurrs, you won’t be able to have radiotherapy, and would need mastectomy

BREAST CANCER SURGERY COST

  • Type of surgery recommended by the surgeon
  • Type of hospital & surgeon
  • Type of procedures involved like Chemotherapy, radiotherapy etc.
  • Co-morbidities associated

RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS AFTER BREAST CANCER SURGERY

  • Wound infection – redness, heat, or swelling at the site
  • Blood clots – painful swollen leg, chest pain, or shortness of breath
  • Seroma – a build-up of fluid at the surgical site 
  • Lymphedema – disruption of the lymph drainage system cause swelling in the arm or hand
  • Nerve damage – nerve damage during surgery causes numbness, pain in the chest, armpit, upper arm, or shoulder
  • Hematoma – blood collects in the tissues around the wound causing pain & swelling 

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Frequently Asked Questions

  • Mammograms beginning at age 40
  • Annual mammograms for women ages 45 to 55
  • Mammograms every two years for women 55 and older
  • MRIs and mammograms for women at high risk of cancer 

  • Medical oncologist
  • Surgical oncologist
  • Radiation oncologist 

You may feel a new lump or mass around the breast area. Some lumps are hard and doesn’t cause pain, while some may feel uncomfortable. Felling of inflammation or swelling around the armpit, pain in nipple area and breast.

  • Surgery – Mastectomy, Lumpectomy & breast reconstruction surgery
  • Sentinel node biopsy – removal of one of a few of the first draining lymph nodes to determine whether cancer cells have spread beyond the breast.
  • Radiation Therapy – Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, Targeted therapy 

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Nerve damage
  • Sore mouth
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Decreased blood count 

  • Hot flashes
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Dryness & irritation
  • Irregular periods
  • Mood changes 
  • Bone thinning 

Breast cancer patients may refuse the recommended treatment in whole or in parts. Palliative care is designed to help control severe side effects such as pain, and nausea and may help you manage your quality of life. 

  • Benign breast tumors do not spread to other parts of the body and are non-cancerous
  • Malignant breast tumors are cancers that spread to other parts of the body and are invasive

Breast cancer diagnosed as stage 1 or stage 2 is considered early stage while stage 3 and stage 4 are advanced.

Genetic testing helps determine if your cancer resulted from an inherited gene mutation. 

Breast cancer surgery is covered under health insurance plan. Talk to our HospiOne Team for more detailed information.

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