WHAT IS ANAL FISTULA?

An abnormal passage or small tunnel between the anal canal and the skin near the buttocks is called an anal fistula. The anus is an external opening through which waste is expelled from the body. There are several small glands present inside the anus that makes mucus. Over time, these glands get clogged and become infected leading to an abscess, ultimately developing into a fistula. The traditional treatment for fistula causes pain and discomfort, hence people mostly look for Laser treatment to treat fistula. 

 

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ANAL FISTULA?

  • Frequent anal abscesses/infections
  • Pain and swelling around the anus
  • Foul-smell from an opening around the anus
  • Irritation of skin
  • Pain during bowel movements
  • Bleeding
  • Pus or blood discharge
  • Fever, chills, and a general feeling of fatigue

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF ANAL FISTULA 

  • Crohn’s disease
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Anal infections including HIV & Tuberculosis
  • Trauma
  • Anorectal cancer
  • Radiation treatment for cancer

DIAGNOSIS AND LINE OF TREATMENT

Physical examination & rectal examination is done by the doctor to check the severity and to locate the fistula openings. 

  • Proctoscopy- It is done to see inside visuals of the rectum and fistula. 
  • Anal Endosonography - It is done in the pelvic area to locate the fistula track.
  • Fistulography – A contrast dye is injected into the fistula tract and x-rays are taken to visualize the path of the tract. 
  • MRI – MRI scans can define complex and recurring fistulas. 

SURGICAL OPTIONS


Whole length of the fistula is cut

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Laser treatment seal the tract with heat and coagulation

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NON-SURGICAL OPTIONS


The internal and external openings of the fistula tract are located and cleaned. A special glue made from a fibrous protein (Fibrin)is injected into the tract that seals the fistula and the wound is healed over time

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RECENT ADVANCES IN ANAL FISTULA SURGERY

LIFT – Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract

It is the new technique for fistulas associated with anal sphincter muscles. The skin above the fistula is opened, the sphincter muscles are pushed apart & the internal opening of the fistula is tightened with a suture. The infected tract is removed and the wound is cleaned. 

RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS INVOLVED

  • Recurrence of fistula
  • Anaemia
  • Severe anal pain
  • Anal stenosis
  • Fecal incontinence

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Frequently Asked Questions

Fistula results from an injury or surgery. Infection or inflammation can also cause a fistula to develop. Crohn’s disease – Inflammation of intestines caused by an immune response to an infection causing fistula

Fistulas cause a lot of discomforts when left untreated. Some fistulas can cause bacterial infection resulting in sepsis, which can lead to low blood pressure or organ damage. 

Fistula is a disease that won’t heal on its own and if left untreated the pain gets worse causing a lot of discomfort. When you notice symptoms like blood or pus discharge, or pain in the anal area, immediately consult an expert doctor. 

Fistula is an anorectal disease, thus, a proctologist or general surgeon will be able to treat it effectively

  • Apply ice multiple times
  • While sitting on the toilet seat, support your feet with a step stool
  • Place a gauze or maxi pad to absorb the discharge from the anal fistula

  • Avoid caffeine
  • Limit intake of tea, coffee, chocolates
  • Limit consumption of carbonated drinks, fast food, pickles
  • Limit intake of spicy, oily, fried foods 

After Fistulotomy surgery, patient may experience some mild to moderate pain or discomfort in the rectal area. Constipation, difficulty in urinating and possibly rectal bleeding can also be experienced.

  • Almost no pain
  • Daycare procedure
  • No need of hospitalization
  • A short & precise procedure
  • No cuts, no wounds
  • Complications during and after surgery are minimum

Many insurance companies provide coverage for anal fistula surgeries after a period of few years. Our HospiOne Team can guide you perfectly in this scenario.

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