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PROSTATE CANCER – AN OVERVIEW

Cancer that develops in the prostate is known as Prostate Cancer. In males, the prostate is a little walnut-shaped gland that secretes seminal fluid, which feeds and carries sperm. The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system consisting penis, prostate, seminal vesicles, and testicles. The prostate is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum.  

One of the most prevalent cancers is prostate cancer. Many prostate tumors develop slowly and are localized. Although some prostate cancers spread slowly and may not require any treatment, others are aggressive and can grow quickly.

STAGES OF PROSTATE CANCER 

  • Stage 1 – Cancer is present only in the prostate gland
  • Stage 2 – Cancer has not yet spread from the prostate gland but a patient will have a higher PSA level
  • Stage 3 – Cancer may have spread to nearby tissues
  • Stage 4 – Cancer may have spread to distant parts of the body 

 

SYMPTOMS OF PROSTATE SURGERY

  • Trouble urinating
  • Decreased force in the urine stream
  • Blood in urine
  • Blood in semen
  • Bone pain
  • Weight loss
  • Erectile dysfunction

DIAGNOSIS AND LINE OF TREATMENT 

  • PCA3 test – The test looks for the PCA3 gene in the urine
  • Transrectal Ultrasound – This involves inserting a camera-assisted probe into the rectum 
  • Biopsy – A tissue sample is taken for examination for the presence and type of cancer.

SURGICAL OPTIONS

It is a laparoscopic or Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic surgery that removes the tumor in the prostate in addition, the procedure may also involve the removal of the surrounding tissues, seminal vesicles, and nearby lymph nodes.

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This option uses high-power drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells

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Androgens are male hormone cells. Blocking or reducing these hormones appears to stop or delay the growth of cancer cells. One option is to undergo surgery to remove testicles, which produce most of the body’s hormones.

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This method uses a person’s immune system to help fight cancer by restoring the body’s natural defenses against cancer.

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This method uses drugs or other substances that identify and attack particular cancer cells.

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PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID PROSTATE CANCER

  • Adopt an anti-inflammatory diet - Eat red fruits and vegetables.
  • Add citrus to the diet
  • Increase intake of tofu, chickpeas, lentils, and peanuts in the diet
  • Limit fat intake
  • Stop smoking
  • Add folate intake to the diet including greens, beans, whole grains, and cereals
  • Maintain healthy weight.

PROSTATE CANCER SURGERY COST

Prostate Cancer Surgery Cost Depends on Following Factors

  • Type of surgery recommended by the surgeon
  • Type of hospital & surgeon
  • Type of procedures involved like Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, etc.
  • Co-morbidities associated 

COMPLICATIONS

  • Cancer that can spread (Metastasizes) 
  • Urinary Incontinence 
  • Erectile Dysfunction

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Frequently Asked Questions

Nearby lymph nodes are often the first destinations for spreading cancer. If prostate cancer has spread to your lymph nodes when it is diagnosed, it means that there is a higher chance that it has spread to other areas of the body as well.

Besides cancer, other conditions that can raise PSA levels include an enlarged prostate, inflamed or infected prostate.

Men should consider biopsy if the PSA level is between 10% to 25%. 

The most serious risk of a prostate biopsy is the risk of infection, including urinary tract infection, and less commonly sepsis. 

  • Urologists or urological oncologists 
  • Radiation oncologists
  • Medical oncologists

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is a treatment that decreases the body’s levels of androgens (called androgen deprivation therapy, or ADT) with the intent of shrinking the size of cancer in the prostate as well as other areas (metastases).

Many men experience erectile dysfunction (ED) after prostate surgery, but for many the disruption is temporary. Nerves surrounding the prostate may get damaged during the surgery resulting in erectile dysfunction. However, Prostatectomy may reduce the chances of nerve damage. 

Prostate biopsies are performed through the rectum (transrectal) to obtain a prostate tissue sample for biopsy through the perineum using an external entry point at the skin. The technique known as Transperineal biopsy is a new advancement for prostate biopsy. 

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that surrounds the urethra in an area near the rectum. As part of the male reproductive system, the prostate makes and stores one of the components of semen. Because of its location, if the prostate grows too large, the flow of urine can be slowed or stopped.

Most health insurance policies cover standard approved treatments for prostate cancer. However, you need to speak the concerned person about the eligibility for the same.

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